Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints in the pelvis, leading to pain and stiffness in the back. It is a form of arthritis characterized by the fusion of the vertebrae over time, resulting in a significant reduction of flexibility and, in severe cases, a hunched posture. The condition often begins in early adulthood and can progress at varying rates among individuals.

What causes ankylosing spondylitis?

AS is an autoimmune disease that significantly impacts the quality of life for those affected. These conditions arise when your body’s immune system, which is designed to protect you from harmful invaders, mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues for some unknown reason. Researchers aren’t entirely sure what triggers AS, but they believe it is closely tied to your genetic makeup. Most people with AS possess a specific gene called HLA-B27, which has been linked to the disease. Doctors theorize that a mutation, or change, in this gene may be a critical factor in the development of AS. Additionally, environmental factors may play a role alongside genetic predisposition, suggesting that the interplay between genes and external influences could contribute to the onset of AS. Ongoing research aims to uncover the precise mechanisms involved, which could lead to more effective treatments and a deeper understanding of this complex condition.

What are ankylosing spondylitis symptoms?

Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine, leading to severe pain and discomfort in affected individuals. The symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis often start gradually and may include chronic lower back pain and stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity. Over time, the pain may progress and be accompanied by a reduced range of motion in the spine. Other common symptoms can include

• Swelling in your joints
• Skin rash
• Problems with your vision
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue (feeling tired all the time).
• Losing your appetite or having unexplained weight loss.
• Diarrhea.
• Vision problems
• Neck pain or stiffness
• Shoulder pain 
• Pain and stiffness in your rib cage
• Pain in your hips or thighs
• Foot, heel, or hand pain 
• Pain that’s worse in the morning or after you sit for a long time
• A rigid spine that curves forward
• Tiredness

Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment

There is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints in the pelvis. However, treatment is available to help relieve the symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected. These treatments typically include physical therapy to enhance flexibility and posture, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation, and, in some cases, biologic medications that target specific immune responses. By managing these symptoms effectively, individuals can maintain their daily activities and overall well-being, while minimizing the impact of this condition on their lives.