Understanding Achalasia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into the stomach. It occurs when the nerves in the esophagus are damaged, leading to problems with the muscles in the lower esophagus. As a result, the valve between the esophagus and the stomach doesn’t open properly, causing food to become stuck and leading to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. The exact cause of achalasia is unknown, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune condition or nerve damage.

Risk factors of Achalasia

The exact cause of achalasia is unknown, but there are several risk factors that have been identified. Understanding the potential risk factors can help in early detection and management of achalasia.

• Autoimmune conditions, such as Chagas disease, which can damage the nerves in the esophagus, leading to difficulty in swallowing
• Viral infections,
• Genetics, and environmental factors may

Symptoms of Achalasia

• Chest pain that comes and goes.
• Coughing at night.
• Difficulty swallowing, called dysphagia, which may feel like food or drink is stuck in the throat.
• Swallowed food or saliva flowing back into the throat.
• Heartburn.
• Belching.
• Pneumonia from getting food in the lungs.
• Weight loss.
• Vomiting.

Achalasia treatment

Achalasia can be treated through various methods, depending on the severity of the condition and the individual’s health status. One common approach is through pneumatic dilatation, a procedure where the lower esophageal sphincter is widened using a balloon that is inflated inside the esophagus. Another treatment option is a surgical procedure called a Heller myotomy, which involves cutting the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus to help it relax and allow food and liquids to pass into the stomach more easily. Additionally, medications such as nitrates or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to relax the lower esophageal sphincter. It’s important to consult with a gastroenterologist or a medical professional to determine the most suitable treatment approach for each individual case of achalasia.